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apt-get update updates the list of available packages and their versions, but it does not install or upgrade any packages.
apt-get upgrade actually installs newer versions of the packages you have. After updating the lists, the package manager knows about available updates for the software you have installed. This is why you first want to update.
The update does not, under any circumstances delete currently installed packages.
Also, it won't install new versions of the package if it has to change another status package.
Efficiency-wise, you want to use dist-upgrade because it has an in-built conflict resolution feature! (Also, does what update does too)
From de MAN Page
update (apt-get(8)): update is used to download package information from all configured sources. Other commands operate on this data to e.g. perform package upgrades or search in and display details about all packages available for installation.
upgrade (apt-get(8)): upgrade is used to install available upgrades of all packages currently installed on the system from the sources configured via sources.list(5). New packages will be installed if required to satisfy dependencies, but existing packages will never be removed. If an upgrade for a package requires the removal of an installed package the upgrade for this package isn't performed.
full-upgrade (apt-get(8)): full-upgrade performs the function of upgrade but will remove currently installed packages if this is needed to upgrade the system as a whole.
A. auto-update -> does not exist
B. dist-upgrade -> upgrade linux distibution
C. full-upgrade -> does not exist
D. install -> install new packge
E. update -> last but not least ...the right answer!!!
update command on .deb distributions, update the repository list "/etc/apt/source.list". So the answer to the question would be "upgrade || dist-upgrade".
Being an "upgrade", update and maintain previous packages.
"dist-upgrade", update and delete previous versions of the package
It should be upgrade ( dependecny resolution but no deletion of conflicts) or dist-upgrdae( autoconfig dependency conflicts)
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