"MX comptia.org-mail.protection.outlook.com" is a Microsoft email server, not a CompTIA server. It is out of scope and should not be tested. Going with A.

if you chose B can you show me the duplicate record?

I knew it was A, the outlook.com is outta scope

The question ask " Which of the following potential issues can the penetration tester identify based on this output? " A: is not an issue with the dig. This is relating to the ROA. The purpose is to locate what is the issue with the findings and that would be there is two similar MX records, B

Answer B would be the most correct as the key purpose of the penetration test is to identify vulnerabilities and weaknesses in the target system or network, and report them to the organization so that they can be addressed and fixed. The other options (A, C, D, and E) are also important, but they are not the primary purpose of the penetration test. For example, option A focuses on determining the effectiveness of the organization's security controls, which is important but not the main goal of a penetration test. Option C deals with compliance, which is also important but not the primary objective of a penetration test. Option D is focused on verifying system availability, which is again important but not the main purpose of a penetration test. And finally, option E is about determining the quality of the system design and implementation, which is also important but not the main goal of a penetration test.

A is the answer

A is the correct answer

A is the answer B or D is incorrect

The Start of Authority (SOA) record indicates which DNS server is authoritative for the zone and provides administrative information about the zone. In the given DNS reconnaissance results, the SOA record shows that the zone is administered by "haven.administrator.comptia.org," which is outside the comptia.org domain. This could indicate a configuration error or a security issue. The penetration tester should investigate this further to determine if there is any potential vulnerability or misconfiguration that could be exploited.

A or B ?

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I think A is correct

Having two different mail server mx records is not recommended, now having two mx records for the same provider is okay in my experience. You wouldnt want office 365 mail server and in house mail server records mail will be lost even if you set the pritority. Ive had to fix these issues for years.

A - Based on results you may compare data with RoE and notice that some subdomains or IPs are out of scope. I would say *.outlook.com. is out of scope B - you can have duplicate MX record C - NS record is fine and is within comptia.org domain D - SOA record is inside comptia.org domain, although it lacks refresh, retry, expire and negative cache TTL data.

first MX record is out of scope

comptia.org. 3569 IN MX comptia.org-mail.protection.outlook.com. comptia.org. 3569 IN A 3.219.13.186. comptia.org. 3569 IN NS ns1.comptia.org. comptia.org. 3569 IN SOA haven. administrator.comptia.org. comptia.org. 3569 IN MX new.mx0.comptia.org. comptia.org. 3569 IN MX new.mx1.comptia.org. I can't tell. you can have mulitple MX records and they are not dupes. Maybe the SOA record because there is a space.