Gateway VPC Endpoint = no internet to access S3. Direct Connect = secure access to VPC.

No public internet != encrypted public internet (VPN) Direct connect is the only option.

A gateway VPC endpoint for Amazon S3 allows the EC2 instances within the VPC to access Amazon S3 buckets without using the public internet. The traffic between the VPC and S3 is routed within the AWS network. AWS Direct Connect establishes a private connection between the on-premises data center and AWS infrastructure, avoiding data transfer over the public internet and ensuring compliance with the specified requirements. It provides a dedicated network link with higher bandwidth options and potentially more consistent network performance than internet-based connections. Whereas Option A uses Site-to-Site VPN connection which is secure. However it typically runs over the public internet, which would not meet the company's requirement of avoiding public internet data transit.

I think the last sentence ("Servers in the company's on-premises data center will consume the output from an application that runs on the EC2 instances") refers to a different application. Purely from the wording, it does NOT seem to refer to the data 'loaded into S3 buckets so that it can be processed in the future' before. So the EC2 instances could write to S3, the on-premises servers can talk to the EC2 application, and data would not be transmitted over the public internet. Not A: There's no such thing as a "VPC endpoint for Amazon EC2 (!)" Not C: Transit Gateway is not for EC2->S3, VPN is over public internet Not D: Would address only the first part and use public Internet

I would go for A, for two reasons: 1) "S3 gateway endpoints do not currently support access from resources in a different Region, different VPC, or from an on-premises (non-AWS) environment. 2) we tryna access an output from an application hosted in e2 instances and not to access the s3 stored data so ideally we should use Interface Endpoints for the applications running in ec2.

I standhood answer is B, but why not A?

https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/architecture/choosing-your-vpc-endpoint-strategy-for-amazon-s3/ According to this document, " S3 gateway endpoints do not currently support access from resources in a different Region, different VPC, or from an on-premises (non-AWS) environment. However, if you’re willing to manage a complex custom architecture, you can use proxies. In all those scenarios, where access is from resources external to VPC, S3 interface endpoints access S3 in a secure way." so, the answer is A.

data must not be transmitted over the public internet = gateway VPC endpoint for Amazon S3 and AWS Direct Connect connection between the on-premises network and the VPC.

Gateway VPC Endpoint = no internet to access S3. Direct Connect = secure access to VPC I agree with you @taustin2- Happy Learning all