C. to obtain VLAN information from directly connected switches.
CDP can provide details about VLANs on directly connected devices, which helps in understanding the network topology and configuration.
E. to obtain the IP address of a connected device in order to telnet to the device.
CDP allows administrators to gather information about neighboring devices, including their IP addresses. This information can be useful for management purposes, such as remotely accessing the device via Telnet or SSH.
C - CDP allows network engineers to gather information about neighboring network devices, determining the type of hardware or equipment, software version, active interfaces the device is using (whether physical or VLAN), how they are configured, and other useful information
D - CDP is a Layer 2, media-independent, and network-independent protocol that runs on Cisco devices and enables networking applications to learn about directly connected devices nearby2. If a neighbor has no IP address on an interface enabled with Cisco Discovery Protocol, the IP address of another interface will be updated as IP address for the non-IP address interface
Two reasons a network administrator would use CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol) are:
C. To obtain VLAN information from directly connected switches: CDP can provide information about the directly connected switches, including their device type, platform, and VLAN information. This can be helpful for understanding the network topology and configuration.
D. To verify Layer 2 connectivity between two devices when Layer 3 fails: CDP can be used to verify the physical and data link layer connectivity between two Cisco devices. When Layer 3 connectivity fails, CDP can help in identifying and diagnosing Layer 2 issues that may be causing the problem.
The other options (A, B, E, F) do not directly relate to the typical use cases of CDP.
C. to obtain VLAN information from directly connected switches - You can get the Native VLAN.
D. to verify Layer 2 connectivity between two devices when Layer 3 fails - Can get information even without L3.
E. to obtain the IP address of a connected device in order to telnet to the device - You can get the Management Address of a Switch.
I guess D and E are the best options.
D is a primary benefit to quickly track down network errors
E would help with D and also viewing logs for native vlan mismatch errors which would precede C (once you have config terminal and log view access for the CDP info, then you can further verify task relating to C)
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/cdp/configuration/15-mt/cdp-15-mt-book/nm-cdp-discover.html
https://www.learncisco.net/courses/icnd-1/network-environment-management/neighbors-on-the-network.html
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/datacenter/sw/5_x/nx-os/system_management/configuration/guide/sm_nx_os_cg/sm_4cdp.pdf
CDP logging message for native VLAN mismatch on access and trunk ports
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/network-management/discovery-protocol-cdp/118736-technote-cdp-00.html
https://networkengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/50175/solving-native-vlan-mismatch-error
https://community.cisco.com/t5/switching/native-vlan-mismatch-detected-by/td-p/3316606
https://community.cisco.com/t5/switching/native-vlan-mismatch-error-on-access-port/td-p/1534103
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