In DNS, "authoritative" basically means, who can be trusted to own and know the dns entries for the specified item. In this item, its asking for an authoritative source, which has to be a server. DNS entries that are cached can be wrong, old/outdated. So Caches are ruled out. Now, this is a terrible question, but a basically, a recursive dns query is a packet that goes out to the big work dns networks and "walks the tree" to find an authoritative dns server for the website you are looking for. https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/dns/what-is-recursive-dns/
B,C,D are CACHE from the authoritative server when happens. ISP (DNS server) runs recursive search (root server -> TLD server -> authoritative server) to get correct name resolution and cache the result. Browser requests name solution from ISP and cache the result
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