Fail safe defaults is a design philosophy where IF any device or process or system fails for whatsoever reason it will DEFAULT TO SAFE outcome.
Principle of Least Privilege means applying a zero trust mindset and providing ONLY the required access that people need to do their jobs and nothing else.
Answer is B, but Cisco has no mention of fail-safe defaults in any Cisco doc that I can find. All of the information comes from 3rd party cyber security sites. So I'm not sure why they would ask this.
It's A by far. The principle of least privilege is about restricting access rights to the minimum necessary, while fail-safe defaults is about ensuring that a system defaults to a secure state in the face of errors or unexpected conditions.
Clearly stated in below url
The principle of least privilege states that a subject should be given only those privileges that it needs in order to complete its task.
The principle of fail-safe defaults states that, unless a subject is given explicit access to an object, it should be denied access to that object.
https://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=30487&seqNum=2
https://medium.com/strike-sh/rest-security-design-principles-434bd6ee57ea
Fail-Safe Defaults
A user’s default access level to any resource in the system should be “denied” unless they have been granted a “permit” explicitly.
Answer is B
No more arguing about this.
https://www.informit.com/articles/article.aspx?p=30487&seqNum=2#:~:text=The%20principle%20of%20fail-safe%20defaults%20states%20that%2C%20unless,is%20not%20explicitly%20granted%2C%20it%20should%20be%20denied.
While both A and B appear correct, the key words in the question seem to more closely match option B 'fail safe defaults' according to the CISA website
https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/failing-securely
https://www.cisa.gov/uscert/bsi/articles/knowledge/principles/least-privilege
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