Which per-hop traffic-control feature does an ISP implement to mitigate the potential negative effects of a customer exceeding its committed bandwidth?
Remember that
The customer Router does the shaping (cares and saves your traffic in a queue if you surpass the configured rate), but ISP Router does the policing (it drops your packets and doesn't care or save your traffic in a queue if you surpass the configured rate )
Both tools (Policy and Shaping) attempt to keep the bit rate (bandwidth) at or below a specified speed, but by using two different actions:
- Policers: Discard or re-mark packets.
- Shapers: Delay packets by hold them in a queue.
So, I think the difference goes with the fact of in which interfaces must be enabled (Policy or Shaping). In that case, according to the statement of the question, the solution is to with improve the customer experience. Therefore the answer should be "A".
Why?
- Policers are enabled on an interface, in either direction.
- Shapers are enabled on an interface for egress (outgoing packets).
Answer: A
Shapping: Outgoing traffic only
Policing: In and Out traffic.
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/quality-of-service-qos/qos-policing/19645-policevsshape.html
Example: Your ISP sold you a fibre connection with a traffic contract and a guaranteed bandwidth of 10 Mbit, the fibre interface however is capable of sending 100 Mbit per second. Most ISPs will configure policing to drop all traffic above 10 Mbit so that you can’t get more bandwidth than what you are paying for. It’s also possible that they shape it down to 10 Mbit but shaping means they have to buffer data while policing means they can just throw it away. The 10 Mbit that we pay for is called the CIR (Commited Information Rate).
Policing would be the most logical answer, as ISP's usually don't take care of your traffic as you would within your own network. If you really need to get that traffic through, fix it on your own equipment (instead of depending on the provider) so that it all fits properly within the bandwidth you pay for.
From Wikipedia: "In communications, traffic policing is the process of monitoring network traffic for compliance with a traffic contract and taking steps to enforce that contract. Traffic sources which are aware of a traffic contract may apply traffic shaping to ensure their output stays within the contract and is thus not discarded. Traffic exceeding a traffic contract may be discarded immediately, marked as non-compliant, or left as-is, depending on administrative policy and the characteristics of the excess traffic."
Most ISPs will configure policing to drop all traffic above 10 Mbit so that you can’t get more bandwidth than what you are paying for. It’s also possible that they shape it down to 10 Mbit but shaping means they have to buffer data while policing means they can just throw it away.
https://networklessons.com/quality-of-service/qos-traffic-shaping-explained
Why isnt it D?
Shapping Traffic shaping (or packet shaping) is a technique of limiting the bandwidth that can be consumed by certain applications to ensure high performance for critical applications.
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