I would go with PaaS.
Both AWS and Azure's primary Database solutions are PaaS. However you can run DBs in a VM making it also IaaS. I don't see where any providers solution has DBs classified as SaaS.
DBaaS: Diversity of Solutions
There’s one more term we haven’t addressed so far—Database as a service (DBaaS). It typically refers to databases offered as PaaS or SaaS.
All major cloud platforms now offer DBaaS solutions. Some of these are closer to SaaS; others are slightly closer to PaaS. Popular examples of DBaaS solutions include Amazon Relational Database Service (RDS), Azure SQL Database, MongoDB Atlas and Amazon DynamoDB.
A is the best answer but its annoying because you can use all the others to set up a database one way or another. PaaS just does all the dirty work for you.
ig it's not SaaS because "in the cloud" seems to assume that it's from the perspective of "aws" or "azure" not "user who happens to be interacting with a cloud service over a web GUI"
A - PaaS
From Microsoft: Azure SQL Database is a relational database-as-a-service (DBaaS) hosted in Azure that falls into the industry category of Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS).
A. PaaS (Platform as a Service) would be the service model used for a database in the cloud.
PaaS provides a platform for developers to build, deploy, and manage applications without the need to manage the underlying infrastructure. In the case of a database, a PaaS provider would offer a managed database service that would handle tasks such as software updates, data backups, and scaling, allowing developers to focus on building and maintaining their applications.
PaaS is the most suitable service model would be used for a database in the cloud.
IaaS is of course can be used to bring up instances and then install database application on top of those instances. However, this approach does not utilize full advantages and benefits of cloud computing. The administrators have to manage and maintain all necessary infrastructure that can be offload by PaaS solution.
Example: Azure SQL Database is a fully managed platform as a service (PaaS) database engine that handles most of the database management functions such as upgrading, patching, backups, and monitoring without user involvement. SQL Server on Azure Virtual Machines (VMs) is an IaaS offer and allows you to run SQL Server inside a virtual machine in the cloud.
The answer is "D." SaaS isn't just for on-demand software application usage. It can be utilized as a database and/or add database functionality to your application. Additionally, it comes as a "out-of-the-box" solution, it is simpler to set-up, and easier to train on. IaaS and PaaS can and do offer options to run databases, but these methods require more training and personnel to manage it. CaaS isn't a viable choice as it deals with communications.
https://rockset.com/blog/what-is-a-cloud-database-iaas-paas-saas-dbaas-explained/
https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/iaas-paas-saas
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