A.
Jtr is a tool for you to crack your hashes. The unshadow command will combine /etc/shadow (where your hashes are stored) and /etc/passwd (list of users found) into one output than you can feed into jtr.
The "unshadow" command is typically used to combine the /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow files on Unix-like systems, creating a single file with hashed passwords that can be used for offline password cracking. By running this command, the tester retrieves the hashed password data, which can then be subjected to password cracking techniques.
John the Ripper and Hashcat are both popular password-cracking tools commonly used by penetration testers. These tools utilize various methods, including dictionary-based attacks, brute force attacks, and rainbow table attacks, to attempt to crack the hashed passwords and reveal the plaintext passwords.
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