https://www.w3schools.com/tags/ref_urlencode.ASP
/ is %2F
= is %3D
? is %3F
.. The double dot is an indicator that you can move back from this location. That is, you're in a folder inside of another folder. Once you start moving around within your computer, you can use that information for reference.
https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/navigating-filesystem-linux-terminal#:~:text=The%20single%20dot%20is%20a,use%20that%20information%20for%20reference.
.....but directory traversal which involves threat actor submitting a request for a file outside the web servers root directory by submitting a path to navigate to the parent directory looks more convincing given the URL included in the question.
"A common symptom of this attack is the presence of a variation of the change to parent directory instruction (i.e., ../) in a URL, such as ..%c0%af or ..%5c." and it is showing this in this picture
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