Hashing is a cryptographic technique that generates a unique fixed-size string of characters (hash value) based on the input data. The hash function takes the original data and produces a hash value that is unique to that specific data. Even a slight change in the input data will result in a significantly different hash value. Hashing is commonly used in forensic investigations to verify the integrity of digital evidence.
During a forensic investigation, investigators can calculate the hash value of a file or a set of data using a specific hashing algorithm (such as MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256). The calculated hash value can then be compared with the original hash value to verify if the data has remained unchanged or if any tampering has occurred.
By comparing the hash values, investigators can demonstrate the integrity of the evidence by showing that the original data has not been modified since the hash values match. If the hash values differ, it indicates that the data has been altered or tampered with, raising concerns about the integrity of the evidence.
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