"Trust me, you won the lottery but we don't even know who you are. Just send me your personal info please."

Correct answer is C

Why isn't this spear if the one employee directly received the email?

C. Phishing Phishing is a type of cyberattack where the attacker sends a fraudulent email, message, or communication to individuals in order to trick them into revealing sensitive information, such as personal details, passwords, or financial information. In this scenario, the email claiming that Joe won the lottery and requesting personal information is an example of phishing. The attacker is attempting to deceive Joe into providing his personal information under false pretenses.

Phishing is a fraudulent practice where attackers attempt to deceive individuals into revealing sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, financial details, or personal information by impersonating a trustworthy entity. In this case, the email claiming that Joe won the lottery and requesting personal information is an attempt to trick him into providing sensitive data.

"The email includes a link that requests a name, mobile phone number, address, and date of birth" its way to vague for it to be spear phishing. If it was a spear phishing, then the attacker should already know his name and Joe just need to fill out mobile phone number, address, and date of birth

Id go for C, a common Phising because, SPEAR PHISHING IS TARGETING VERY SPECIFIC PERSON/ GROUP OF PEOPLE

this is just a common phishing by method of elimination