Exam CAS-004 topic 1 question 70 discussion

Open Vulnerability and Assessment Language (OVAL)—Helps describe three main aspects of an evaluated system including 1) system information, 2) machine state and, 3) reporting. Using OVAL provides a consistent and interoperable way to collect and assess information regardless of the security tools being used.

OVAL (Open Vulnerability and Assessment Language): OVAL is a community standard designed to promote open and publicly available security content. It is used to encode system details and to standardize the representation of information about vulnerabilities, configuration issues, programs, and patches. By creating an OVAL definition, the engineer can define checks for the newly identified zero-day vulnerability, enabling the vulnerability management system to detect and report on it.

D. OVAL (Open Vulnerability and Assessment Language): OVAL is a standardized language used for expressing and exchanging information about vulnerabilities, configuration issues, and patches. OVAL includes a comprehensive schema and repository of vulnerability definitions, allowing organizations to create and share vulnerability checks. Security tools and systems, including vulnerability scanners and management platforms, often use OVAL to define and detect vulnerabilities. Given its specific focus on vulnerability assessment and management, OVAL is the most suitable option for creating a check for the identified zero-day vulnerability.

OVAL is a standardized language used for checking system vulnerabilities. It defines the schema and specifications for how to describe vulnerabilities and security checks for various systems and platforms. Security professionals and tools use OVAL to create and exchange machine-readable information about system vulnerabilities, configuration issues, patches, and other security-related information. By using OVAL, the engineer can create a check or definition specific to the zero-day vulnerability identified in the company's internally developed software. This check can then be integrated into the vulnerability management system to identify and assess the presence of this particular vulnerability within the organization's systems.

Information Sharing and Analysis Centers are designed to support specific sectors of the economy. ISACs are non-profit agencies that serve as central resource to collect and disseminate information to the sectors they support. ISACs often provide support services within their sectors. The National Council of ISACs website is https://www.nationalisacs.org/member-isacs-3

D: Key words: Create, and Zero Day. ISAC would be useful if this were not a Zero Day, but would be useful for information sharing afterwards.

"ISACs collect, analyze and disseminate actionable threat information to their members and provide members with tools to mitigate risks and enhance resiliency." However, this is an internally created program that the zero day was discovered by an internal member. An ISAC wouldn't have any information on this. OVAL is a way of standardizing " how to assess and report upon the machine state of computer systems." "The OVAL Language standardizes the three main steps of the assessment process: representing configuration information of systems for testing; analyzing the system for the presence of the specified machine state (vulnerability, configuration, patch state, etc.); and reporting the results of the assessment." The engineer has been asked to create checks for this internal zero day. OVAL is the only solution. https://www.nationalisacs.org/about-isacs https://oval.mitre.org/index.html https://oval.mitre.org/language/

OVAL and ARF would already be in the current VMS but those reports are clearly lacking an intel feed of known zero-days. B ISACs Source: Verifying each answer against Chat GPT, my experience, other test banks, a written book, and weighing in the discussion from all users to create a 100% accurate guide for myself before I take the exam. (It isn't easy because of the time needed, but it is doing my diligence)

Because it says zero day I would go with ISACs as it is the best option to get information on something new. Answer C

It says the current vulnerability system does not have any checks for the zero day attack. OVAL and ARF are reports generated from that system. Node.js is a back-end JavaScript runtime environment, runs on the V8 JavaScript Engine, and executes JavaScript code outside a web browser. Correct answer is C: Information Sharing and Analysis Centers (ISACs) are non-profit organizations that provide a central resource for gathering information on cyber threats (in many cases to critical infrastructure) as well as allow two-way sharing of information between the private and the public sector about root causes, incidents and threats, as well as sharing experience, knowledge and analysis

OVAL seems the most logical

D is the correct answer (OVAL)