I always understood protocol analyzers to be a L2 thing, Wireshark etc. operate at L2
if we took that approach (L2 + L3) sure why not keep going and include L4, L5, L6, L7 in that statement? or to put it another way...if we operate at L3 then where does all the L2 info come from in a capture, huh?
fact is we hoover up at L2 and we get to see the goodies from there up in analysis
I suspect the thing that is confusing folks is that horrible terminology "Packet" vs "Frame" ignore that
L2
Sniffing in the Data Link Layer of the OSI Model
The OSI model describes network functions as a series of seven layers. Each layer provides services to the layer above and receives services from the layer below.
The data link layer is the second layer of the OSI model. In this layer, data packets are encoded and decoded into bits. Sniffers operate at the data link layer and can capture packets from this layer. Networking layers in the OSI model are designed to work independently of each other; thus, if a sniffer sniffs data in the data link layer, the upper OSI layers will not be aware of the sniffing.
They capturing data all the layers above Layer 2. You will see Layer 2 Ethernet, 802.1q frames, Layer 3 IP addresses, ARP, ESP, Layer 4 TCP/UDP ports, up to Layer 7 Application data like HTTP protocol messages. But in sum Layer 2 is where they really operates, capturing frames and such and everything what the L2 frames contains.
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