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"The changes take effect immediately, there is no need to restart any service."
https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/102-500/110/110.2/110.2_01/#:~:text=The%20changes%20take%20effect%20immediately%2C%20there%20is%20no%20need%20to%20restart%20any%20service.
E for sure and below is summary for all..just quick not this service is being phased out and replaced with firewall/iptables and not all services support it
Controlling Access with TCP Wrappers:
Two files control access to a TCP Wrapper service via IP address
/etc/hosts.allow - allows access to IPs on the list
/etc/hosts.deny - Blocks access to IPs on the list
This is how the access is granted or denied based on the above two files when is service request comes in and order is as per below
Hosts.allow is checked for IP address of requester
If IP is found then access is granted and nothing further needed or checked
If IP not found in hosts.allow file then hosts.deny file is checked for the IP
If IP is found then Access is DENIED
If NOT found then access is GRANTED-ALLOWED
If IP is NOT found in either files I.e. Allow and DENY then access is GRANTED
As Note: use the ALL wild card in the /etc/hosts.deny ALL:ALL and ONLY necessary if using hosts.allow
TCP-wrapped services do not cache the rules from the hosts access files, so any changes to hosts.allow or hosts.deny take effect immediately, without restarting network services.
"TCP-wrapped services do not cache the rules from the hosts access files, so any changes to hosts.allow or hosts.deny take effect immediately, without restarting network services. "
source:
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/6/html/security_guide/sect-security_guide-tcp_wrappers_and_xinetd-tcp_wrappers_configuration_files
"The changes take effect immediately, there is no need to restart any service."
https://learning.lpi.org/en/learning-materials/102-500/110/110.2/110.2_01/#:~:text=The%20changes%20take%20effect%20immediately%2C%20there%20is%20no%20need%20to%20restart%20any%20service.
E is correct indeed:
"Any changes in either files (/etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny) will come to effect
immediately without restarting the network services."
source:
https://ostechnix.com/restrict-access-linux-servers-using-tcp-wrappers/
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