There are four questions based on the following passage, one of which is asked alongside.
Animal testing is the practice of using animals to test the safety and efficacy of new drugs, vaccines and medical procedures. It has been a controversial issue in scientific research for several years. While animal testing has been instrumental in the development of modem medicine, there are ethical concerns about the treatment of animals in scientific research.
The ethical concerns surrounding animal testing have led to increased efforts to develop alternative methods of scientific research. Computer simulations can be used to model the effects of new drugs and treatments on human organs and tissues, allowing scientists to predict their safety and efficacy without the use of animals. Also, scientists now conduct human clinical trials to test new drugs and treatments. Because the humans who are tested on are volunteers and agree to the testing. there are fewer ethical concerns. Of course, now that humans are involved, scientists are obliged to ensure that the drugs are safe before use.
Advocates of animal testing argue that it is necessary to ensure the safety of new products and treatments for humans. They argue that animals are like humans in many ways and therefore are useful for understanding how new drugs and treatments may affect people. They also argue that while there are potential alternatives to animal testing, not all methods are suitable for all types of research, and computer simulations and human clinical trials may not be feasible or ethical for all types of research, particularly when the risks of the treatment are not well understood.
However, opponents of animal testing argue that itis cruel and inhumane to use animals for scientific research because they do not have the benefit of choice. They argue that animals should not be subjected to unnecessary suffering and that there are alternatives to animal testing that are more humane and effective.
In conclusion, the ethics of animal testing in scientific research is a complex and controversial issue. However, while animal testing may have played an important role in the development of modem medicine, it is now no longer acceptable to continue with this practice as there are so many other options.
What is the tone of the author in the passage?
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