FILE LEVEL CHECKPOINT
File level checkpoint is writing dirty blocks associated with set of files belonging to a tablespace. This happens when we put a tablespace in begin backup mode or when we take a tablespace offline or when we make tablespace readonly. Oracle writes all dirty blocks associated with datafiles of that tablespace to database before it changes the status of that tablespace. That means the answer is B. Not C because there written "all dirty buffers", but in B written "all buffers for a checkpointed file" which is correct.
Checkpoint Process (CKPT)
The checkpoint process (CKPT) updates the control file and data file headers with checkpoint information and signals DBWn to write blocks to disk. Checkpoint information includes the checkpoint position, SCN, location in online redo log to begin recovery, and so on.
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e40540/process.htm#BABHFGFF
answer is B
Agree with B - Tablespace and data file checkpoints:
The database writes to disk all buffers modified by redo before a specific target. A tablespace checkpoint is a set of data file checkpoints, one for each data file in the tablespace. These checkpoints occur in a variety of situations, including making a tablespace read-only or taking it offline normal, shrinking a data file, or executing ALTER TABLESPACE BEGIN BACKUP.
https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/CNCPT/startup.htm#CNCPT89045
all dirty buffers are written to disk means a full checkpoint and there will never be a full checkpoint except in two circumstances: an orderly shutdown and at the DBA’s request. So, the answer is B
The question is about "file" checkpoint in which case DB writer won't write "all" dirty buffers but only writes dirty buffers belongs to that particular file. So the answer should be B.
I agree with C
B is for incremental check point:
"During an incremental database checkpoint, the control file is updated with the
checkpoint position; data files are not updated. Data file headers are updated with
checkpoint information by the DBWn process when dirty buffers are written to the
files."
I think it's may be C: data file checkpoint
"A data structure that defines an SCN in the redo thread of a database for a particular data file. Every data file has a checkpoint SCN, which you can view in V$DATAFILE.CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#. All changes with an SCN lower than this SCN are guaranteed to be in the data file."
https://docs.oracle.com/database/121/BRADV/glossary.htm#GUID-22212AAE-6F3C-4E84-B940-5AB2261A7EDA
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