Recover a Lost or Damaged Server Parameter File:
Create PFILE from the parameter value listings in the alert log (alert_SID.log).
Create SPFILE from PFILE.
B not -> We can create SPFILE from MEMORY.
C not -> Any dynamic parameter can be change in MEMORY (but not in PFILE).
D not -> Can exists only one ot them.
From documentation:
A: Create a text initialization parameter file (PFILE) from the parameter value listings in the alert log.
When an instance starts up, the initialization parameters used for startup are written to the alert log. You can copy and paste this section from the text version of the alert log (without XML tags) into a new PFILE.
Create the SPFILE from the PFILE.
E: In the platform-specific default location, Oracle Database locates your initialization parameter file by examining file names in the following order:
spfileORACLE_SID.ora
spfile.ora
initORACLE_SID.ora
The first two files are SPFILEs and the third is a text initialization parameter file. If DBCA created the SPFILE in an Oracle Automatic Storage Management disk group, the database searches for the SPFILE in the disk group.
C - alter system can change the parameter for pfile but only current instance.
The ALTER SYSTEM statement enables you to set, change, or restore to default the values of initialization parameters. If you are using a text initialization parameter file, the ALTER SYSTEM statement changes the value of a parameter only for the current instance, because there is no mechanism for automatically updating text initialization parameters on disk. You must update them manually to be passed to a future instance. Using a server parameter file overcomes this limitation.
D - why not ?
E- Correct
another answer to confirm that CE are correct :
C: Changes to initialization parameter values by ALTER SYSTEM are only in effect for the current instance. You must manually update the text initialization parameter file and restart the instance for the changes to be known.
E : Searches for a server parameter file in a platform-specific default location and, if not found, for a text initialization parameter file (specifying STARTUP with the SPFILE or PFILE parameters overrides the default behavior)
https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/server.112/e40540/startup.htm#CNCPT955
I think CE
A is only find PFILE.
B SPFILE can create from Pfile and Memory.
C PFILE can not dynamic modification.
D when default is true, but this option is must be.
E is absolutely correct .
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