The 35-millimeter (mm) format became the standard for movie production around 1913. The mid-1920s through the mid-1930s, however, saw a resurgence of wide-film (55-mm to 70-mm) formats. Development then slackened until the 1950s, when widescreen film-making came back in direct response to the erosion of box office receipts resulting from the rising popularity of television. This new era saw another flurry of specialized formats, including Cinema- Scope and, in 1956,
Camera 65, which Panavision developed for MGM Studios and which was first used to film Raintree Country. Panavision soon contributed another key technical advance, spherical 65mm lenses, which eliminated the "fat faces" syndrome that had plagued CinemaScope films.
Though many films were made in widescreen formats during this period, these formats floundered because of expense, unwieldy cameras, and slow film stocks and lenses. After the invention of a set of 35-mm anamorphic lenses, which could be used to squeeze a widescreen image onto theatrical screens, film technology improved to the point where quality 70-mm prints could be enlarged from 35-mm negatives.
According to the passage, which of the following did NOT contribute to the increased use of wide-film formats for moviemaking?
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