@renad_r Data is encrypted with symmetric encryption such as AES. The symmetric key pair is shared by encrypting the symmetric key with asymmetric encryption (private and public key) before the key is transmitted to the other side for decryption. Asymmetric encryption does not encrypt data, symmetric encryption does. Asymmetric is only used for encrypting the symmetric key. The size of the data also has nothing to do with asymmetric or symmetric encryption.
Mike Meyers' CompTIA Security+ Cert Guide 3ed 2021:
"Asymmetric key cryptography has several advantages over symmetric
key cryptography, the major one being key exchange. The process
eliminates key exchange issues, since no one really has to exchange a key.
Anyone can acquire the public key. The sending party encrypts the message
with the receiving person’s public key, and only the recipient who possesses
the private key can decrypt it.
Asymmetric key cryptography has a couple of disadvantages as well.
First, it’s slower than symmetric key cryptography and more
computationally intensive to generate keys. Second, it works well only with
small amounts of data; it’s not suited for bulk data encryption or
transmission."
"large amount of data" is your keyword, symmetric is used in encryption that is time-sensitive and/or larger amounts of data should be encrypted, asymmetric encryption is more secure but there is lots of overhead and isn't efficient in this scenario. Digital signatures are for non-repudiation mainly, it's used when you want to verify your identity to the other party (they have other uses, though), and they use asymmetric encryption since you digitally sign with your private key.
Oversimplification:
Lots of data + needs to be fast = symmetric
More security + time isn't an issue + small amounts of data = asymmetric
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